Peter A. Cripton, Ph.D., P.Eng.

Dr. Peter A. Cripton is President of Synaptic Analysis Consulting Group and a Principal Engineer in Synaptic's Biomechanical Research Division. Dr. Cripton addresses issues involving traumatic human injury and medical device design and failure. He has expertise in the areas of human tolerance to injury, especially spine and spinal cord injury, and the analysis of dynamic events such as whiplash. His work includes analysis of injuries occurring in transportation and occupational accidents and those involving consumer products. In the medical device area, he has expertise in the efficacy and failure of surgically implantable orthopaedic devices with an emphasis on those used in spine surgery. His technical skills also include materials testing systems, tribological testing machines, strain measurement techniques, custom-load cell development, three dimensional motion measurement and analysis, impact apparatus development and associated high-speed data collection, general apparatus design, and machine tool operation.

Dr. Cripton is an Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering and an Associate Faculty member in the Department of Orthopaedics at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada where he co-directs the Orthopaedic and Injury Biomechanics Laboratory. Dr. Cripton has previously held positions as a Managing Engineer at Exponent Failure Analysis Associates, a postdoctoral associate at the Biomechanics Research Laboratory in the Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation at Yale University and as a research fellow at the Maurice E. Müller Institute for Biomechanics at the University of Bern in Switzerland.

Peer Reviewed Publications

Vorrink S, van der Woude L, Messenberg A, Cripton PA, Hughes B, Sawatzky B. (2008) A comparison of wheelchair wheels in terms of vibration and spasticity in people with a spinal cord injury. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development; in press

Beadon K, Johnston J, Siggers K, Itshayek E, Cripton PA. (2008) Biomechanical simulation of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis: an in vitro porcine model. Spine 2008; 33:2387-93.

Dennison CR, Wild PM, Wilson DR, Cripton PA. (2008) A minimally invasive in-fibre Bragg grating sensor for intervertebral disc pressure measurements. Measurement Science & Technology; 19:085201 (12 pp).

Dennison CR, Wild PM, Dvorak MF, Wilson DR, Cripton PA. (2008) Validation of a novel minimally invasive intervertebral disc pressure sensor utilizing in-fiber Bragg gratings in a porcine model: an ex vivo study. Spine;33:E589-94.

Jones CF, Kroeker (Née Reed) SG, Cripton PA, Hall RM. (2008) The effect of cerebrospinal fluid on the biomechanics of spinal cord: an ex vivo bovine model using bovine and physical surrogate spinal cord. Spine;33:E580-8.

Louman-Gardiner K, Mulpuri K, Perdios A, Tredwell S, Cripton PA. (2008) Pediatric lumbar Chance fractures in British Columbia: chart review and analysis of the use of shoulder restraints in MVAs. Accident Analysis and Prevention;40:1424-9.

Zhu, Q., Park, Y., Sjovold, S.G., Niosi, C.A., Wilson, D.C., Cripton, P.A., Oxland, T.R. (2008) Can extra-articular strains be used to measure facet contact forces in the lumbar spine? An in vitro biomechanical study. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 22(2):171-184

Dennison, CR, Wild PM, Byrnes PW, Saari A, Itshayek E, Wilson DC, Zhu QA, Dvorak MF, Cripton PA, Wilson DR (2008), Ex vivo measurement of lumbar intervertebral disc pressure using fibre-Bragg gratings. Journal of Biomechanics. 41(1):221-5 Zhu Q., Lane C., Ching R.P., Gordon J.D., Fisher C.G., Dvorak M.F., Cripton P.A., Oxland

T.R. (2008) The degree of translational constraint influences dynamic spinal canal occlusion of the thoracic spine: an in vitro experimental study. Journal of Biomechanics. 41(1):171-9

Greaves, L.L., Zhu, Q., Cripton, P.A., Cluff, M., Greaves, C.Y., Melnyk, A., Perdios, A., Tredwell, S., Mulpuri, K. (2007) The Effect of Age and Gender on the Three-Dimensional Kinematics of the Pediatric Cervical Spine. Proceedings, SAE Digital Human Modeling Conference, SAE No. 2007-01-2495.

Tan J.S., Bailey C.S., Dvorak M.F., Fisher C.G., Cripton P.A., Oxland T.R. (2007) Cement Augmentation of Vertebral Screws Enhances the Interface Strength between Interbody Device and Vertebra Body. Spine 32(3):334-41

Zhu Q., Larson C.R., Sjovold S.G., Rosler D.M., Keynan O., Wilson D.R., Cripton P.A., Oxland TR (2007) Biomechanical evaluation of the total facet arthroplasty system™: three-dimensional kinematics. Spine 32(1):55-62

Villarraga M.L., Cripton P.A., Teti S., Steffey D.S., Krisnamuthy S., Albert T., Hilibrand A., Vaccaro A. (2007) Wear and Corrosion Evaluation in Retrieved Thoraco-Lumbar Internal Fixation from 57 Patients. Spine. 31(21):2454-62

Ivancic P.C., Panjabi M.M., Ito S., Cripton P.A., Wang J.L. (2005) Biofidelic whole cervical spine model with muscle force replication for whiplash simulation. European Spine Journal 14(4): 346-55

Villarraga M.L., Bellezza A.J., Harrigan T.P., Cripton P.A., Kurtz S.M., Edidin A.A. (2005) The biomechanical effects of kyphoplasty on treated and adjacent non-treated vertebral bodies following kyphoplasty. Journal of Spinal Disorders and Techniques. 18(1):84-91

Cripton P.A., Oxland T.R., Zhu Q.A. (2005) Use of helical axis of motion and facet joint load information in the evaluation of non-fusion spinal implants: concept and preliminary results. Roundtables in Spine Surgery; 1:22-30 (Non refereed publication)

Haberl H., Cripton P.A., Orr T.E., Beutler T., Frei H., Lanksch W.R., Nolte L.P. (2004) Kinematic response of lumbar functional spinal units to axial torsion with and without superimposed compression and flexion/extension. European Spine Journal.13:560-6

Villarraga, M.L., Cripton, P.A., Bellezza, A.J., Berlemann, U., Kurtz, S.M., Edidin, A.A. (2004) Bone and Bone Cement Stresses in the Thoraco-Lumbar Spine Following Kyphoplasty: A Finite Element Analysis. Der Orthopade (Special Issue Concerning Cementing Techniques) 33(1):48-55 (In German)

Miura T., Panjabi M.M., Cripton P.A. (2002) A Method to Simulate In vivo Cervical Spine Kinematics Using In vitro Compressive Preload. Spine. 27(1):43-48

Panjabi M.M., Miura T., Cripton P.A., Wang J.-L., Nain A.S., DuBois C. (2001) Development of a system for in vitro neck muscle force replication in whole cervical spine experiments. Spine. 26(20):2214-2219

Cripton P.A., Sati M., Orr T.E., Bourquin Y., Dumas G.A., Nolte L.-P. (2001) Animation of in vitro biomechanical tests. Journal of Biomechanics. 34(8):1091-1096 Cripton P.A., Dumas G.A., Nolte L.-P. (2001) A novel technique for measuring in vitro pressure in intervertebral discs: application to the cervical spine. Technical Note. Journal of Biomechanics. 34(4):545-9.

Cripton P.A., Bruehlmann, S.B., Orr, T.E., Oxland, T.R., Nolte, L.-P. (2000) In vitro axial preload application during spine flexibility testing: towards reduced apparatus-related artefacts. Journal of Biomechanics. 33(12):1559-1568.

Cripton P.A., Jain G.M., Wittenberg R.H., and Nolte L.-P. (2000) Load sharing characteristics of instrumented lumbar spine fusions. Spine. 25(2):170-9.

Lund T., Oxland T.R., Jost B., Cripton P.A., Grassmann S., Etter C., and Nolte L.-P. (1998) Interbody cage stabilization in the lumbar spine: a biomechanical evaluation of cage design, posterior instrumentation and bone density. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume. 80-B:351-9.

Jost B., Cripton P.A., Lund T., Oxland T.R., Lippuner K., Jaeger P., and Nolte L.-P. (1998) Compressive strength of interbody cages in the lumbar spine: the effect of cage shape, posterior instrumentation and bone density. European Spine Journal. 7:132-41.

Berlemann U., Cripton P.A., Rincon L., Nolte L.-P., and Schlapfer F. (1996) Pull-out strength of pedicle hooks with fixation screws: influence of screw length and angulation. European Spine Journal. 5:71-3.

Oxland T.R., Lund T., Jost B., Cripton P.A., Lippuner K., Jaeger P., and Nolte L.-P. (1996) The relative importance of vertebral bone density and disc degeneration in spinal flexibility and interbody implant performance. An in vitro study. Spine. 21:2558-69.

Berlemann U., Cripton P.A., Nolte L.-P., Lippuner K., and Schlapfer F. (1995) New means in spinal pedicle hook fixation. A biomechanical evaluation. European Spine Journal. 4:114-22.

Cripton P.A., Berlemann U., Visarius H., Begeman P., and Prasad P. (1995) Response of the lumbar spine due to shear loading. Society of Automotive Engineers SP-1077. Paper#950662

Articles Submitted or In Revision

Accepted and in revision

Greaves C.Y., Cripton P.A., Berlemann U., Dumas G.A., Nolte L.P. (2007) Cervical spine anatomic load-sharing during destructive axial compression: effect of flexion and extension postures. Journal of Biomechanics.

Kroeker (née Reed) S.G., Bilston L.E., Morley P., Cripton P.A. (2007) An improved physical model of the in vivo human spinal cord: Tension and Transverse Compression. Journal of Biomechanics.

Submitted

Greaves LL, Greaves CY, Melnyk A, Koenig L, Zhu QA, Tredwell S, Mulpuri K, Cripton PA. Pediatric and adult three-dimensional cervical spine kinematics: effect of age and sex through overall motion. Spine, submitted May 2008.

Chapters in Books

Cripton P.A., Jones C.F., Greaves C.Y. (2008) Impact Biomechanics of the Spine, in Spinal Mechanics for Product Development in the New Millennium. Ferrara LA, Goel V, Yuan HA (Eds.). Submitted February 2008.

Cripton P.A., Reed S.G., Saari A. Musculature Actuation and Biomechanics of the Spine, in Spine Technology Handbook. Kurtz SM, Ed. Elsevier Academic Press, USA, 2006

Villarraga M.L., Cripton P.A. (2004) The Clinical Performance of UHMWPE in the Spine, in The UHMWPE Handbook: Ultra-high Molecular Weight Polyethylene in Total Joint Replacement. Kurtz SM, Ed. Elsevier Academic Press, USA

Selected Presentations

Nelson TS, Cripton PA. Inducing head motion with a novel helmet during head-first impact can mitigate neck injury metrics: an experimental proof-of-concept investigation using mechanical surrogates. Proceedings of the International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Impacts; September 17-19, 2008; Bern, Switzerland (4 page manuscript in proceedings).

Boak J, Gédet P, Dvorak MF, Ferguson S, Cripton PA, At what point does cervical spinal canal stenosis endanger the spinal cord?; Proceedings of the third pre-IRCOBI Workshop on Biomechanical Experiments; September 16, 2008, Bern, Switzerland (4 page manuscript in proceedings).

Nelson TS, Greaves CY, Jones CF, Street J, Cripton PA, Experimental Impact to the Hybrid III Head and Cadaveric Cervical Spine with an Advanced Muscle Force Replication System; Proceedings of the third pre-IRCOBI Workshop on Biomechanical Experiments; September 16, 2008, Bern, Switzerland (4 page manuscript in proceedings).

Jones CF, Kwon BK, Cripton PA. Cerebrospinal fluid pressures associated with spinal cord injury: pilot study in a large animal model. Proceedings of the 26th Annual National Neurotrauma Symposium; July 27-30, 2008, Orlando, USA

Ming K, Abugharbieh R, Jones CF, Greaves CY, Yung A, Tetzlaff W, Kozlowski P, Cripton PA. In vivo and non-invasive analysis of spinal cord deformations for rodent research using magnetic resonance imaging. Proceedings of the 26th Annual National Neurotrauma Symposium; July 2730, 2008, Orlando, USA

Jones CF, Itshayek E, Zhu QA, Schwab T, Larson CR, Lenke LG, Cripton PA. Evaluation of tissue loading in response to one- and two-level maverick total disc replacement adjacent to a long spinal fusion. Proceedings of the 15th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques; July 8-11, 2008, Hong Kong, China.

Zhu QA, Itshayek E, Jones CF, Schwab T, Larson CR, Lenke LG, Cripton PA. Kinematic evaluation of one- and two-level Maverick total disc replacement adjacent to a long spinal fusion. Proceedings of the 15th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques; July 8-11, 2008, Hong Kong, China.

Boak JC, Popovic D, Itshayek E, Koenig L, Dvorak MF, Cripton PA. Age-related degeneration is related to reduced cervical spine range of motion in the elderly. Proceedings of the 16th European Society of Biomechanics; July 6-9, 2008, Lucerne, Switzerland.

Boak JC, Popovic D, Itshayek E, Koenig L, Dvorak MF, Cripton PA. X-ray analysis shows degeneration is related to range of motion in the cervical spine of geriatric subjects. Proceedings of Spineweek 2008; May 26-31, 2008, Geneva, Switzerland.

Nelson TS, Cripton PA. Dynamically Modifying End Conditions in a Head-First Impact with a Novel Helmet can Mitigate Neck Injury Metrics: An Experimental Proof-of-Concept Investigation Using Mechanical Surrogates. 4th Annual Ohio Injury Biomechanics Symposium, 19-20 May, 2008, Columbus, OH, USA. (Winner of best presentation award)

Jones CF, Kwon BK, Dennison C, Itshayek E, Markez J, Singleton D, Wild P, Cripton PA. Development and pilot results from a large animal study to measure cerebrospinal fluid pressure before, during and after spinal cord injury. 4th Annual Ohio Injury Biomechanics Symposium, 19-20 May, 2008, Columbus, OH, USA.

Nelson TS, Cripton PA. Can a helmet mitigate neck injurires in head-first impacts? Proceedings of the 4th Annual Northwest Biomechanics Symposium, May 9-10, 2008, Boise, ID, USA

Chak JD, Oxland TR, Cripton PA. Creep testing using load control with spine motion simulator. Proceedings of the 4th Annual Northwest Biomechanics Symposium, May 9-10, 2008, Boise, ID, USA

Ming K, Abugharbieh R, Jones CF, Greaves CY, Yung A, Tetzlaff W, Kozloski P, Cripton PA. Finite element validation of spinal cord deformation analysis based on MR imaging data. Proceedings of the 4th Annual Northwest Biomechanics Symposium, May 9-10, 2008, Boise, ID, USA

Greaves CY, Gilchrist S, Morrison T, Cripton PA, Hunter CJ. Impact properties of bovine intervertebral discs. Proceedings of the 4th Annual Northwest Biomechanics Symposium, May 9-10, 2008, Boise, ID, USA

Jones CF, Kwon BK, Dennison C, Wild P, Markez J, Cripton PA. A large animal model to measure cerebrospinal fluid pressures associated with spinal cord injury: development and preliminary results. Proceedings of the 4th Annual Northwest Biomechanics Symposium, May 9-10, 2008, Boise, ID, USA

Greaves CY, Saari A, Cripton PA. A method for estimating stresses in spine fixators in vivo. Proceedings of the 4th Annual Northwest Biomechanics Symposium, May 9-10, 2008, Boise, ID, USA

Ming K, Abugharbieh R, Jones CF, Yung A, Kozlowski P, Tetzlaff W, Cripton PA, Computational MR Image Analysis for Spinal Cord Injury Studies. Proceedings of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (ISMRM) 16th Scientific Meeting & Exhibition, May 3-9, 2008, Toronto, Canada

Manske SL, de Bakker PM, Ebacher V, Oxland TR, Cripton PA, Guy P, Failure in femoral neck fractures initiates in the superolateral cortex: evidence from high speed video of simulated

fractures. Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, March 2-5 2008, San Francisco, California

Saari A, Dennison C, Wild P, Wilson DA, Cripton PA, Intervertebral disc pressure during lateral bending. Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, March 2-5 2008, San Francisco, California

Dennison C, Saari A, Wild P, Wilson DA, Cripton PA, Comparison of intervertebral disc pressure measurements made with fibre-Bragg gratings to those made with a contemporary needle mounted sensor ex vivo. Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, March 2-5 2008, San Francisco, California

Saari A, Dennison C, Wild P, Wilson DA, Cripton PA, Intervertebral disc pressure measurements: Influence of disc thickness on disc pressure during lateral bending. World Forum for Spine Research, January 23-26, 2008. Kyoto, Japan.

Dennison C, Saari A, Wild P, Wilson DA, Cripton, PA, Ex vivo measurement of porcine intervertebral disc pressure during compression and lateral bending using a novel in-fibre Bragg grating sensor. World Forum for Spine Research, January 23-26, 2008. Kyoto, Japan

Beadon K., Siggers K., Johnston J.D., Itshayek E., Cripton P.A. Biomechanical Simulation of Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis: An In Vitro Porcine Model. Proceedings of the 34th Annual Meeting of the International Society for the Study of the Lumbar Spine, June 10-14, 2007, Hong Kong, China

Zhu, Q., Park, Y., Sjovold, S.G., Niosi, C.A., Wilson, D.C., Cripton, P.A., Oxland, T.R. Can extra-articular strains be used to measure facet contact forces in the lumbar spine? Proceedings of the 34th Annual Meeting of the International Society for the Study of the Lumbar Spine, June 10-14, 2007, Hong Kong, China

deBakker P.M., Manske S.L., Oxland T., Cripton P.A., Guy P. Failure in Femoral Neck Fractures Initiates in the Superolateral Cortex: Evidence from High Speed Video of a Simulated Fracture. Proceedings of the Canadian Orthopaedic Research Society, June 1-3, 2007, Halifax, NS,

Beadon K., Johnston J.D., Siggers K., Itshayek E., Cripton P.A. A Repeatable In Vitro Biomechanical Model of Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis. Proceedings of the 3rd Annual Northwest Biomechanics Symposium, May 18-19, 2007, Eugene, OR, USA

Boak J.C., Popovic D., Koenig L., Dvorak M., Cripton P.A. Cervical spondylosis and range of motion in the geriatric population: methodology and preliminary results. Proceedings of the 3rd Annual Northwest Biomechanics Symposium, May 18-19, 2007, Eugene, OR, USA

Nelson T.S., Cripton P.A. Methodology for evaluating a neck injury prevention helmet. Proceedings of the 3rd Annual Northwest Biomechanics Symposium, May 18-19, 2007, Eugene, OR, USA

Greaves L.L., Cluff M., Greaves C.Y., Zhu Q., Melnyk A., Perdios A., Tredwell S., Mulpuri K., Cripton P. The Effect of Age and Gender on the Three-Dimensional Kinematics of the Pediatric Cervical Spine. Proceedings of the 3rd Annual Northwest Biomechanics Symposium, May 1819, 2007, Eugene, OR, USA Ming K., Abugharbieh R., Jones C.F., Yung A., Tetzlaff W., Kozlowski P., and Cripton P.A. In vivo MR image based deformation analysis for spinal cord injury studies. Proceedings of the 3rd Annual Northwest Biomechanics Symposium, May 18-19, 2007, Eugene, OR, USA

Messenberg A., Vorrink S., Hughes B., Sawatzky B., Cripton P.A. Influence of Wheel Design on Wheelchair Vibration; Correlation as a trigger of muscle spasms. Proceedings of the 3rd Annual Northwest Biomechanics Symposium, May 18-19, 2007, Eugene, Oregon, USA

Larson C.R., Zhu Q.A., Itshayek E., Dvorak M.F., Fisher C.G., Cripton P.A. Screw loading of the TSRH SAS spinal system in cadaveric simulated deformity correction. Proceedings of the Canadian Spine Society Annual Meeting, March 21-24, 2007, Mt. Tremblant, PQ, Canada

Itshayek E., Saari A., Nelson T.S., Heran M, Jhamb A., Cripton P.A. Spinal cord deformation, expected neurologic injury, clinical classification of column injury and residual compression resulting from head-first impact: a high–speed experiment. Proceedings of the Canadian Spine Society Annual Meeting, March 21-24, 2007, Mt. Tremblant, PQ, Canada

Saari A., Itshayek E., Nelson T.S., Cripton P.A. Kinematics of the entire cervical spine in the presence of physiologic follower load during head-first impact. Proceedings of the Canadian Spine Society Annual Meeting, March 21-24, 2007, Mt. Tremblant, PQ, Canada

Saari A., Itshayek E., Nelson T.S., Cripton P.A. High speed cineradiographic measurment of spinal cord deformation during cervical spine injuries in a cadaver model. Proceedings of the Canadian Spine Society Annual Meeting, March 21-24, 2007, Mt. Tremblant, PQ, Canada

deBakker P.M., Manske S.L., Ebacher V., Guy P., Oxland T., Cripton P.A. Failure in Femoral Neck Fractures Initiates in the Superolateral Cortex: Evidence from High Speed Video of a Simulated Fracture. Proceedings of the Alberta Biomedical Engineering Conference, October 2122, 2006, Banff, AB, Canada

Saari A., Itshayek E., Nelson T.S., Morley P.L., Cripton P.A. Spinal cord deformation during injury of the cervical spine in head-first impact. Proceedings of the International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Impacts - 2006 Annual Meeting, September 20-22, 2006, Madrid, Spain (4 page conference manuscript).

Levesley M., Cripton P.A. An Application of Remotely Controlled Experiments to Perform Feedback-Damping Control of a Vibrating Beam. Proceedings of the Second International Association of Science and Technology for Development, International Conference on education and technology, July 17-19, 2006, Calgary, AB, Canada

Larson C.R., Zhu Q.A., Sjovold S.G., Rosler D.M., Keynan O., Wilson D.R., Cripton P.A., Oxland T.R. Kinematic Behaviour Of The Implanted Total Facet Arthroplasty System™: An In Vitro Model. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the International Society for the Study of the Lumbar Spine, June 13-17, 2006, Bergen, Norway

Sjovold S.G., Zhu Q., Larson C.R., de Bakker P.M., Oxland T.R., Cripton P.A. Comparative loading of the total facet arthroplasty system^tm with a rigid posterior instrumentation system and intact facets. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the International Society for the Study of the Lumbar Spine, June 13-17, 2006, Bergen, Norway

Jones C.F., Reed S.G., Cripton P.A., Hall R.M. The effect of cerebrospinal Fluid on Spinal Cord Deformation in an in vitro Burst Fracture Model. Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Ohio Injury Biomechanics Symposium, May 17-19, 2006, Columbus, OH, USA (10 page manuscript in proceedings)

Nelson T.S., Cripton P.A. A Kinematically biofidelic surrogate cervical spine for axial compressive impacts. Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Ohio Injury Biomechanics Symposium, May 17-19, 2006, Columbus, OH, USA (10 page manuscript in proceedings)

Johnston J., Beadon K., Siggers K., Cripton P.A. Biomechanical simulation of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis:an in vitro porcine model. Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Northwest Biomechanics Symposium, May 12-13, 2006, Vancouver, BC, Canada

Greaves C.Y., Cripton P.A., Berlemann U., Dumas G.A., Nolte L.P. Failure load and strain distribution in the human cervical spine during destructive axial loading. Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Northwest Biomechanics Symposium, May 12-13, 2006, Vancouver, BC, Canada

Nelson T.S., Cripton P.A. A biofidelic surrogate neck for axial compressive impacts. Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Northwest Biomechanics Symposium, May 12-13, 2006, Vancouver, BC, Canada

Dennison C.R., Wild P.M., Wilson D.R., Cripton P.A. Bovine disc pressure measurement using fibre-bragg gratings. Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Northwest Biomechanics Symposium, May 12-13, 2006, Vancouver, BC, Canada

Jones C.F., Reed S.G., Cripton P.A., Hall R.M. High speed transverse compression of an in vitro spinal cord/cerebrospinal fluid model. Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Northwest Biomechanics Symposium, May 12-13, 2006, Vancouver, BC, Canada

Saari A., Cripton P.A. Cervical spinal cord deformation during head to ground impact induced injuries. Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Northwest Biomechanics Symposium, May 12-13, 2006, Vancouver, BC, Canada

Louman-Gardiner K., Mulpuri K., Perdios A., Tredwell S., Cripton P.A. Lumbar spine biomechanics of pediatric chance fractures: recommendations for injury prevention. Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Northwest Biomechanics Symposium, May 12-13, 2006, Vancouver, BC, Canada

Boak J.C., Lau C., Bellezza A.J., Saari A. Projectile parameters that cause ocular injury during impact, Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Northwest Biomechanics Symposium, May 12-13, 2006, Vancouver, BC, Canada

Saari A., Cripton P.A. Dynamic response of the cervical spine in the presence of physiologic follower load during head to ground impact. Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Northwest Biomechanics Symposium, May 12-13, 2006, Vancouver, BC, Canada

Rundell S.A., Bowden A.E., Villarraga M.L., Zhu Q., Cripton P.A. Validation of experimental implant-bone interface load measurements for a facet replacement device using finite element analysis. Proceedings of the Spine Arthroplasty Society 6, May 10-13, 2006, Montreal, Canada.

Louman-Gardiner K., Mulpuri K., Perdios A., Tredwell S., Cripton P.A. Pediatric chance fractures and associated injuries in British Columbia: Recommendations for Injury Prevention. Accepted for presentation at the BC Injury Research Conference, March 1-3, 2006, Vancouver BC, Canada Cripton P.A. Biomechanical Evaluation of Motion Preserving Spine Implants. Artificial Disc Workshop at the Orthopaedic Research Society Annual Meeting, March 19, 2006, Chicago IL, USA

Wild P.M., Dennison C.R., Wilson D.R., Wilson D.C., Zhu Q.A., Byrnes P.W., Cripton P.A. Measurement of Lumbar Disc Pressure using Fiber Bragg Gratings. Accepted for presentation at the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, March 19-22, 2006, Chicago IL, USA

Cripton P.A. Dynamic stabilization techniques: biomechanics. AOSPINE degenerative lumbar spine and deformity course, December 12, 2005, Davos, Switzerland

Cripton P.A. Biomechanics of internal fixation. AOSPINE degenerative lumbar spine and deformity course, December 12, 2005, Davos, Switzerland

Saari A., Morley P., Cripton P.A. Burst fractures of the cervical spine in the presence of physiologic preload: reconstruction of three dimensional kinematics. Proceedings of the International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Annual Research Meeting, October 17, 2005, Vancouver BC, Canada

Louman-Gardiner K., Mulpuri K., Perdios A., Tredwell S., Cripton P.A. Pediatric chance fractures and associated neurological injury in British Columbia: recommendations for injury prevention. Proceedings of the International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Annual Research Meeting, October 17, 2005, Vancouver BC, Canada

Nelson T.S. and Cripton P.A., Strategy for prevention or mitigation of spinal cord injury: a novel helmet for axial compressive crown impacts. Proceedings of the International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Annual Research Meeting, Canada, October 17, 2005, Vancouver, BC

Reed S.G., Jones C., Hall R.M., Cripton P.A. An In vitro analysis of the behaviour of the bovine and surrogate spinal cords in dynamic transverse compression. Proceedings of the International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Annual Research Meeting, October 17, 2005, Vancouver BC, Canada

Schröer B., Messenberg A., Sawatzky B., Huges B., Cripton P.A. Influence of Wheel Design on Wheelchair Vibration; Correlation as a trigger of Muscle Spasms. Proceedings of the International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Annual Research Meeting, October 17, 2005, Vancouver BC, Canada

Cripton P.A., Babul S. Injury Biomechanics as a means to prevent injuries in Canada. Proceedings of the 2005 Canadian Injury and Prevention Conference, November 6-8, 2005, Halifax NS, Canada

Reed S.G., Bilston L.E., Morley P., Cripton P.A. The human spinal cord: preliminary results for an improved physical model. Proceedings of the 2005 Summer Bioengineering Conference of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, June 22-26, 2005, Vail CO, USA

Saari A., Morley P., Cripton P.A. Spinal cord deformation during burst fractures of the cervical spine in the presence of physiologic preload. Proceedings of the 2005 Summer Bioengineering Conference of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, June 22-26, 2005, Vail CO, USA Reed S.G., Bilston L.E., Morley P., Rankine R., Cripton P.A. A Biofidelic Elastomeric Surrogate for the Human Spinal Cord. Proceedings of the 2005 Northwest Biomechanics Symposium, May 13-14, 2005, Seattle WA, USA

Nelson T., Greaves C., Reed S.G., Rankine R., Cripton P.A. In Vivo Spinal Cord Material Properties: An Indentation Approach. Proceedings of the 2005 Northwest Biomechanics Symposium, May 13-14, 2005, Seattle WA, USA

Saari A., Morley P., Cripton P.A. Spinal Cord Deformation During Burst Fractures Of The Cervical Spine. Proceedings of the 2005 Northwest Biomechanics Symposium, May 13-14, 2005, Seattle WA, USA

Boak J.C., Lau C., Bellezza A., Saari A., Cripton P.A. Ocular Injury Tolerance to Projectile Impacts During Motor Vehicle Collisions. Proceedings of the 2005 Annual Meeting of the Association for Research in Vision and Opthamology, May 1-5, 2005, Fort Lauderdale FL, USA

Larson C.R., Zhu Q., Sjovold S.G., Rosler D.M., Keynan O., Cripton P.A., Oxland T.R. Tissue Loading of the Total Facet Arthroplasty System™ (TFAS™). Proceedings of the Spine Arthroplasty Summit 5, May 4-7, 2005, New York NY, USA

Zhu Q., Larson C.R., Sjovold S.G., Rosler DM, Keynan O, Wilson DR,Cripton P.A., Oxland T.R., Biomechanical Evaluation of the Total Facet Arthroplasty System™ (TFAS™): an in vitro human cadaver model. Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, February 20 - 23, 2005, Washington D.C., USA

Saari A., Reed S.G., Cripton P.A. A Least Squares Approach to Calculating Angular Acceleration and Velocity Using Accelerometry. Proceedings of the 5th Alberta Biomedical Engineering Conference. October 22-24, Banff AB, Canada.

Reed S.G., Bilston L.E., Morley PL, Cripton P.A. The Human Spinal Cord: An Improved Physical Model. Proceedings of the 5th Alberta Biomedical Engineering Conference, October 22-24, Banff AB, Canada

Cripton P.A, Zhu Q.A., Wilson D.R., Oxland T.R. Biomechanical evaluation of non-fusion spine implants. Proceedings of the Orthopaedic Research Societies of the USA, Canada, Japan and Europe, October 10-13, 2004, Banff AB, Canada

Tan J.S., Bailey, C.S., Dvorak M.F., Fisher C.G., Cripton P.A., Oxland T.R. Cement augmentation enhances the resistance to subsidence of interbody devices. Proceedings of the Orthopaedic Research Societies of the USA, Canada, Japan and Europe, October 10-13, 2004, Banff AB, Canada

Ramchandani S.R., Panjabi M.M., Cripton P.A., VanderWeele T.J. Biomechanical Examination of Intervertebral Discs Subsequent to Burst Fracture. Proceedings of the 28th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Biomechanics, September 8-11, 2004, Portland OR, USA

Zhu Q.A., Cripton P.A., Wilson D., Niosi C., Wilson D.R., Oxland T.R. Facet Joint Loads in the lumbar spine. Proceedings of the Innovative Techniques In Spine Surgery, August 4-7, 2004, San José del Cabo, Mexico Cripton, P.A., Dumas, G.A., Nolte, L.P., Helical Axes of Motion of the Sub-Axial Cervical Spine. Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the Canadian Orthopaedic Research Society, June 18-20, 2004, Calgary AB, Canada

Cripton, P.A., Zhu, Q., Sjovold, S., Larson, C., Kenyan, O., Oxland, T.R. Effect of a Follower Preload on the Helical Axes of motion in the Lumbar Spine. Proceedings of the 2004 Annual Meeting of the International Society for the Study of the Lumbar Spine, May 30-June 5, 2004, Porto, Portugal

Villarraga, M.L., Cripton, P.A., Bellezza, A.J., Kurtz, S.M., Edidin, A.A. The Biomechanical Effects Of Kyphoplasty On Adjacent Non-Treated Vertebral Bodies: A Finite Element Analysis. Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, March 7 - 10, 2004, San Francisco CA, USA

Villarraga M., Bellezza A., Cripton P.A., Harrigan T., Kurtz S., Edidin A. Biomechanical Evaluation of Kyphoplasty on Treated and Adjacent Vertebral Bodies, Poster P422. Proceedings of the 71st Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, March 10-14, 2004, San Francisco CA, USA

Villarraga M.L., Kurtz S.M., Cripton P.A., Edidin A.A. The Biomechanical Effects of Kyphoplasty on Single Thoraco-Lumbar Vertebrae: A Parametric Finite Element Analysis. Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, February 2–5, 2003, New Orleans LA, USA; v. 28: 29,

Villarraga M.L., Cripton P.A., Vaccaro A.R., Hilibrand A.S., Albert T., Turner J., Boatwright J., Smith T. Engineering Analysis of Retrieved Spine Implants. Transactions for the Society for Biomaterials, April 30-May 2, 2003, Reno NV, USA; Vol. 26, p. 669

Villarraga, M.L., Kurtz S.M., Cripton P.A., Edidin A.A. The Biomechanical Effects Of Kyphoplasty On Single Thoraco-Lumbar Vertebrae: A Parametric Finite Element Analysis. Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, February 2-5, 2003, New Orleans LA, USA

Ivancic P.C., Panjabi M.M., Ito S., Cripton P.A., Wang J.L. A Biofidelic Osteoligamentous Cervical Spine Model with Muscle Force Replication for Whiplash Trauma Simulation. Proceedings of the thirtieth Annual Meeting of the Cervical Spine Research Society, December 5-7, 2002, Miami FL, USA

Vaccaro A.R., Villarraga M.L., Cripton P.A., Albert T.J., Hilibrand A.S. Improvement of Spine Implant Performance Through Analysis of Retrieved Implants. Proceedings, Thirtieth Annual Meeting of the Cervical Spine Research Society, December 5-7, 2002, Miami FL, USA

Cripton P.A., Villarraga M.L., Vaccaro A.R., Hilibrand A.S., Albert T.J., Turner J.L., Daffner S.D., Smith T.R. Analysis of Retrieved Scoliosis Instrumentation. Proceedings, Thirty Seventh Annual Meeting of the Scoliosis Research Society, September 19-22, 2002, Seattle WA, USA

Ford Corrigan C., Cripton P.A., Croteau J. The Influence Of Vehicle Roll Rate On Neck Loading During Controlled Vehicle-To-Ground Impacts. Proceedings of the Fourth World Congress of Biomechanics, August 4-9, 2002, Calgary AB, Canada

Cripton P.A., Anterior and Posterior Spinal Fixation - An In Vitro Summary. Proceedings of the Fourth World Congress of Biomechanics, August 4-9, 2002, Calgary AB, Canada Turner J.L., Boatwright J.R., Vaccaro A.R., Hilibrand A.S., Albert T.J., Villarraga M.L., Cripton P.A. Improvement of Spine Implant Performance through Analysis of Retrieved Implants: Preliminary Results. Proceedings of the 28th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference, April 20-21, 2002, Philadelphia PA, USA

Miura T., Panjabi M.M., Cripton P.A. Stabilizing Potential of Lateral Mass Plates in Anterior Cervical Fusions Without Anterior Plating. Proceedings of the 29th Annual Meeting of the Cervical Spine Research Society, November 29-December 2, 2001, Monterey CA, USA

Cripton P.A., Miura T., Panjabi M.M. The Role of Bone Graft Force in Anterior Cervical Strut Grafting Without Anterior Plating. Proceedings of the 29th Annual Meeting of the Cervical Spine Research Society, November 29-December 2, 2001, Monterey CA, USA

Miura T., Panjabi M.M., Cripton P.A. Stability of Three Strut-Graft Constructs for Multi-Level Cervical Corpectomy. Proceedings of the 29th Annual Meeting of the Cervical Spine Research Society, November 29-December 2, 2001, Monterey CA, USA

Cripton P.A., Miura T., Panjabi M.M. Bone graft force in anterior cervical fusions without anterior plating. Proceedings of the 16th Annual Meeting of the North American Spine Society, Oct 31 – Nov 3, 2001, , Seattle WA, USA

Panjabi M.M., Miura T., Cripton P.A., Wang J, Nain A.S. Neck muscle force replication for in vitro whole cervical spine experiments. Proceedings of the 47th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, Feb 25-28, 2001, San Francisco CA, USA

Berdia S., Panjabi M.M., Cripton P.A., Dodds S., Baynes J., Wolfe S.W. External fixation of the wrist: Using neutral zone as a marker for overdistraction. Proceedings of the 47th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, Feb 25-28, 2001, San Francisco CA, USA

Cripton P.A., Läubli R., Berlemann U., Dumas G.A., Nolte L.-P. Force Transmission In The Human Cervical Spine During Destructive Axial Compression: Effect of Flexion and Extension Postures. Proceedings of the 28th Annual Meeting of the Cervical Spine Research Society, Nov 30-Dec 2, 2000, Charleston SC, USA

Cripton P.A., Miura T., Panjabi M.M. The Effects of Physiologic Compressive Preload On the In Vitro Flexibility of the Lower Cervical Spine. Proceedings of the 28th Annual Meeting of the Cervical Spine Research Society, Nov 30-Dec 2, 2000 Charleston SC, USA

Panjabi M.M., Miura T., Cripton P.A., Wang J.-L., Nain A.S. Development Of A System For In Vitro Neck Muscle Force Replication In Whole Cervical Spine Experiments. Proceedings of the 28th Annual Meeting of the Cervical Spine Research Society, Nov 30-Dec 2, 2000, Charleston SC, USA

Miura T., Panjabi M.M., Cripton P.A. A Method to Simulate In vivo Cervical Spine Kinematics Using Compressive Preload In vitro. Proceedings of the 28th Annual Meeting of the Cervical Spine Research Society, Nov 30-Dec 2, 2000, Charleston SC, USA

Orr T.E., Beutler T., Cripton P.A., Nolte L.P., Haberl, H. The role of facet joints in axial torsion with and without superimposed extension/flexion moments. Proceedings of the 27th Annual Conference of the International Society for the Study of the Lumbar Spine, April 9-13, 2000, Adelaide, Australia; Pg. 53.

Orr T.E., Beutler T., Cripton P.A., Nolte L.P. and Haberl H. The Role of Facet Joints on the Helical Axis of Motion in Axial Torsion With and Without Superimposed Extension/Flexion Moments. Proceedings of the 12th conference of the European Society of Biomechanics, August 27-30 2000, Dublin Ireland; Pg. 175.

Cripton P.A., Dumas G.A., and Nolte L.-P. Biomechanics of the human cervical spine under shear loading: effect of superimposed compression forces. Proceedings of the 1999 Annual Meeting of the Spine Society of Europe, September 7-11, 1999, Munich, Germany; European Spine Journal. 8(supplement 1):s6.

Cripton P.A., Dumas G.A., and Nolte L.-P. Compressive force transmission in the human cervical spine: effect of superimposed flexion and extension postures. Proceedings of the 9th Conference of the European Orthopaedic Research Society, June 3-4, 1999, Brussels, Belgium; Pg. O 67.

Cripton P.A., Bruehlmann S.B., Orr T.E., Oxland T.R., Nolte L.-P. Common axial preload application methods produce large artefacts in moment, shear and kinematics during flexibility testing. Proceedings of the 26th Annual Conference of the International Society for the Study of the Lumbar Spine, June 21-25, 1999, Kona, Hawaii

Cripton P.A., Bourquin Y., Sati M., Orr T.E., Dumas G.A., Nolte, L.-P. Animation of in vitro Biomechanical Tests. Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Computer Assisted Orthopaedic Surgery, March 17-19, 1999, Davos, Switzerland

Cripton P.A., Dumas G.A., and Nolte L.-P. Compressive force transmission in the human cervical spine: effect of superimposed moments. Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, Feb. 1-4, 1999, Anaheim CA, USA

Bruehlmann S.B., Cripton P.A., Orr T.E., Oxland T.R., and Nolte L.-P. Axial preload application during spine flexibility testing: a quantitative comparison of four methods. Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, Feb. 1-4, 1999, Anaheim CA, USA

Cripton P.A., Dumas G.A., and Nolte L.-P Moment and force transmission in the human cervical spine. Proceedings of the 1st Conference of the German Society of Biomechanics, February 26-27, 1999, Ulm, Germany

Education and Awards

• Ph.D., Mechanical Engineering, Queen’s University, Canada, 1999
• M.S., Mechanical Engineering, Queen’s University, Canada, 1993
• B.S., Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Nova Scotia, 1990
• B.S., Mathematics, Dalhousie University, Canada, 1987

• Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Postdoctoral Research Fellowship, 1999
• Cervical Spine Research Society, 2001 Research Grant Award
• Best Presentation award at the 2008 Ohio Injury Biomechanics Symposium
• Winner of a 2008 Popular Science Best of What's New award in the Personal Health category for co-inventing the Pro-Neck-Tor helmet. 100 new products and technologies that span 11 categories are given this award annually.
• University of British Columbia, Killam Faculty Research Fellowship 2009-2010
• Reviewer: Journal of Biomechanics, European Spine Journal, Biomed Central, Annals of Biomedical Engineering, Spine, Medical Engineering and Physics, Canadian Space Agency, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (Canada), National Science Foundation (US)

Memberships

• International Society of Biomechanics (member);
• American Society for Testing Materials (member);
• American Society for Testing Materials subcommittee F4.25: spinal devices (member);
• American Society for Testing Materials subcommittee F4.18. device retrieval analysis (member);
• Orthopaedic Research Society (member);
• Society of Automotive Engineers (member);
• Canadian Association of Technical Accident Investigators and Reconstructionists (member)

Patents and Intellectual Property Rights

• Pressure Sensor for Biological Fluids and Use Thereof, US Provisional Patent Application 60/776,600 Filing Date: February 23, 2006 (I am one of five inventors)
• Apparatus for the Prevention of Spinal Cord Injury, US Provisional Patent Application – in process Filing Date: October 13, 2006 (I am the primary inventor and I am one of two inventors on the patent)